Journal of the Algerian Chemical Society

Sustainable Nanoparticles in Lubrication System: A Review of Eco-Friendly and Inorganic Additives

Amr Abdelazim, Mohamed Taha, Ahmed Rashed, Ahmed Nabhan, Ramzi Khiari — Sat, 04 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The potential of nano-scale additions, such as titanium dioxide (TiO₂), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃), for strengthening lubricant efficiency is reviewed in this work. Despite a decreased level of wear, friction, and heat degradation, the nanoparticles strengthen tribological function. CNC is a bio-based, renewable substance that has excellent dispersion and green credentials. TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ NPs promote a protective layer next generation and mechanical strength. Synergistic effects are demonstrated by hybrid CNC and inorganic nanoparticle combinations. Dispersion stability and practical implementation still present difficulties. All things considered, nano-additives offer a viable path toward lubricating systems that are both high-performing and environmentally friendly.

Comprehensive Phytochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Origanum majorana L. Methanolic Extract: Integrated In Vitro Assays and In Silico Evaluation of Glutathione Reductase Inhibition

Fri, 03 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Origanum majorana L. is a medicinal plant widely recognized for its therapeutic properties, particularly its antioxidant activity. In this study, the antioxidant potential of the methanolic extract was evaluated using three in vitro assays: DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. The extract exhibited significant free radical scavenging activity with IC₅₀ values of 4.052 ± 1.722 µg/mL for DPPH and 10.556 ± 0.52 µg/mL for ABTS, while the FRAP assay demonstrated a strong reducing power of 9.551 ± 0.85 µg/mL. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenoids as major classes of bioactive compounds.

Molecular docking analysis was performed for the major constituents of the methanolic extract against glutathione reductase (PDB ID: 1GRE). Trans-thujone displayed the highest binding affinity (-7.73 kcal/mol), forming stable interactions with the enzyme's active site. Consequently, molecular dynamics simulation (100 ns) was conducted for the trans-thujone–1GRE complex to assess the dynamic stability of the interaction. The complex maintained a stable trajectory with a low average RMSD of 1.98 Å, minimal RMSF fluctuations, and consistent Rg (~21.5 Å), along with decreased SASA values, indicating compact structural conformation and reduced solvent exposure.

These findings highlight the strong antioxidant potential of Origanum majorana L methanolic extract and position trans-thujone as a promising lead compound for targeting oxidative stress-related enzymes such as glutathione reductase.

HPLC Chiral Analysis and Stereo-Bioactivity of Repaglinide Enantiomers

Fri, 03 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In the present study, a simple, precise and rapid chiral High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the enantiomeric separation of Repaglinide, with the molecular docking study of Repaglinide against carbonic anhydrase II (CA2). The method was carried out on a chiralcel® OD-RH column using a mixture of n-hexane: 2-propanol (95:5, v/v), The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and the eluent was monitored at 240nm. The software used in this molecular docking is PyRx-Virtual Screening Tools (for molecular docking process) and Discovery Studio (for pose visualization and data analysis). According to the study's findings, for HPLC two peaks with a 2.074- and 3,258-min retention time was achieved and the resolution, capacity and selectivity factors obtained were Rs = 0.773; k′1= 1.074, k′2 = 2.258 respectively and α =2,1. The result of molecular docking showed the binding energy of repaglinide to CA2 was found to be -6.8 kcal/mol with RMSD of 1.55 Å, indicating a higher binding affinity compared to native ligand (dansylamide).The method was found to be fast, simple, precise and suitable for analysis of Repaglinide in drug substance.